Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2022)                   hrjbaq 2022, 7(2): 159-167 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Movahed B, Mardani G, Ramezani Z, Azizkhani L, Zamani M, Navkhasi S. Mean Scores of Pain Intensity Following the Administration of Different Analgesics in Patients Referred to the Emergency Department. hrjbaq. 2022; 7 (2) :159-167
URL: http://hrjbaq.ir/article-1-502-en.html
Mean Scores of Pain Intensity Following the Administration of Different Analgesics in Patients Referred to the Emergency Department
Behnam Movahed, Ghane Mardani, Zana Ramezani, Leila Azizkhani * , Maryam Zamani, Sasan Navkhasi
Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. , (leila433@gmail.com)
Abstract:   (236 Views)

Introduction: Pain is one of the most common problems of patients referring to the emergency department, and its effective control is a main issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean pain scores following the administration of various analgesics in patients referred to the emergency department.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on patients referred to the emergency department of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj in 2017. Analgesic drugs were included of acetaminophen, fentanyl, morphine sulfate, ketorolac, and methadone. Patients' pain intensity was assessed by a 10-point scoring system before and after analgesia therapy. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 software using one-way analysis of variance, repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance.
Results: A total of 388 patients were included in the study, of which 62.4% (242) were male and 37.6% (146) were female. The mean age of the subjects was 37.4 years. Acetaminophen (39.7%, n = 154) was the most common pain reliever and methadone (2.1%, n = 8) was the lowest one. The results of one-way analysis of variance demonstrated that, the mean pain intensity at the beginning and after 15 minutes was significantly different between drugs (P=0.001), but the results of analysis of covariance showed that the relationship between different pain relievers were not different significantly in short-time follow-up.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the initial pain intensity is an effective factor that could be the main determinant factor. Therefore, interpreting the reduction in pain intensity and the difference in the amount of this reduction based on the type of medication received and without considering the initial pain intensity is not a correct concept.  


Author Contribution: all authors contributed equally in collecting, analyzing and editing final manuscript.
Confilict of Interest/Funding/ Supports: The authors declare that have no conflict of interest/funding/supports in this study.
Ethical Consideration: All ethical concerns respected in this study. Also it was approved in ethical committee of Kurdestan University of medical sciences. (Code number: IR.MUK.REC.1396/135)
Applicable Remark: To help for finding more effective analgesic agent in emergency.

Article number: 7
Keywords: Analgesic, Pain, Emergency.
Full-Text [PDF 973 kb]   (70 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: General
Received: 2021/02/26 | Revised: 2022/05/28 | Accepted: 2022/04/9 | ePublished ahead of print: 2022/04/11 | Published: 2022/05/24
References
1. Suddarth B. TexBook of Medical- Surgical Nursing 13, editor. Tehran: jamenegar4 2014.
2. Irani H, Asnaashari M, Marouzi P, Naseri F. The effect of oral glucose solution on pain intensity of newborn immunization Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2005;11(1):5-9.
3. Marx J, Walls R, Hockberger R. Rosen's Emergency Medicine-Concepts and Clinical Practice E-Book: Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013.
4. Regeh N, Ahmadi F, Mohammadi E, Kazem nejad A, Anoosheh M. Pain Management: Patients' Perspective. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2007;20(52):7-20.
5. Modanloo M, Seyyed Fatemi N, Bastani F, Peyrovi H, Behnampour N, Hesam M. Comparison of pain assessment by patients and triage nurses. Iranian J Critical Care Nurs. 2010;3(1):9-10.
6. Dolatabadi AA, Shojaee M, Amini A, Derakhshanfar H, Hosseini SM, Gallehdar D. Intranasal sufentanil versus intravenous morphine sulfate in pain management of patients with extremity trauma. Iran J Emerg Med. 2015;2:116-21.
7. Vlajkovic G, Sindjelic R, Stefanovic I. Ketorolac as a pre-emptive analgesic in retinal detachment surgery: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;45(5):259-63. DOI: 10.5414/cpp45259 PMID: 17542347
8. De Oliveira GS, Jr., Agarwal D, Benzon HT. Perioperative single dose ketorolac to prevent postoperative pain: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(2):424-33. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182334d68 PMID: 21965355
9. Cakan T, Inan N, Culhaoglu S, Bakkal K, Basar H. Intravenous paracetamol improves the quality of postoperative analgesia but does not decrease narcotic requirements. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2008;20(3):169-73. DOI: 10.1097/ANA.0b013e3181705cfb PMID: 18580346
10. Atef A, Fawaz AA. Intravenous paracetamol is highly effective in pain treatment after tonsillectomy in adults. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;265(3):351-5. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-007-0451-5 PMID: 17891409
11. Ogunnaike BO, Jones SB, Jones DB, Provost D, Whitten CW. Anesthetic considerations for bariatric surgery. Anesth Analg. 2002;95(6):1793-805. DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200212000-00061 PMID: 12456461
12. Marret E, Kurdi O, Zufferey P, Bonnet F. Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on patient-controlled analgesia morphine side effects: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology. 2005;102(6):1249-60. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200506000-00027 PMID: 15915040
13. Talebi H, Kamali A, Hosseini M. Efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen injection on pain intensity and opioid consumption in patients undergoing radius shaft fracture surgery. Anesthesiology and Pain. 2014;5(3):64-72.
14. Ghaheri H, Taheri H, Beigi A, Talakoub R. Preemptive effect of low dose of ketamine for cholecystectomy. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2006;8(2):21-8.
15. Noori Shadkam M, Jalili MM. A study on the low dose effect of venous fentanyle in pain reduction due to lumbar puncture in infants. Feyz Kashan Univ Med Sci. 2006;9(4):13-7.
16. Schechter NL, Weisman SJ, Rosenblum M, Bernstein B, Conard PL. The use of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for painful procedures in children. Pediatrics. 1995;95(3):335-9.
17. Puskarich MA, Jones AE. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. Sepsis. 2015;2(16).
18. Klein EJ, Diekema DS, Paris CA, Quan L, Cohen M, Seidel KD. A randomized, clinical trial of oral midazolam plus placebo versus oral midazolam plus oral transmucosal fentanyl for sedation during laceration repair. Pediatrics. 2002;109(5):894-7. DOI: 10.1542/peds.109.5.894 PMID: 11986452
19. Hostetler MA, Auinger P, Szilagyi PG. Parenteral analgesic and sedative use among ED patients in the United States: combined results from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) 1992-1997. Am J Emerg Med. 2002;20(2):83-7. DOI: 10.1053/ajem.2002.31578 PMID: 11880868
20. Norouzi V, Feizy E, Amani F, Zamani P. Pain Control after Appendectomy in Ardabil Fatemi Hospital, 2004. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2006;6(4):417-21.
21. Rabiee M, Nickbakhsh N, Alijanpour E, Amri P, Taheri M. Comparison of Intrapleural Bupivacaine Versus Cryoanalgesia on the. Anesthesiology and Pain. 2013;4(1):8-14.
22. Liaw WJ, Pang WW, Chang DP, Hwang MH. Pain on injection of propofol: the mitigating influence of metoclopramide using different techniques. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1999;43(1):24-7. DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.1999.430106.x PMID: 9926183
23. Naseh M, RezaieKalat S. Comparison of the Effects of Celecoxib, Naproxen and Ibuprofen on Pain Control after Periodontal Surgeries. J Mashhad Dental School. 2011;35(4):306-14.
Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2022 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Health Research Journal

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb